CFD

What is a CFD?

The term “Contract for Difference” (CFD) refers to an agreement between a trader and their broker.

The “contract” sets out that one of the two parties will pay the other, depending on which direction the price of an asset moves. The amount of the cash settlement is calculated using the “difference” between the price at the open and close of the trade.

CFD trading is a method of trading the value of an underlying asset, rather than the asset itself. The “derivative” nature of CFDs makes them highly versatile and has resulted in the market, first developed in the 1990s, growing to be worth billions of dollars.

Why trade CFDs?

Not owning the underlying asset can enable traders to utilise some interesting functionality features.

CFD Market Coverage

CFDs can be used to trade a wide range of asset groups, such as stocks, indices, forex and commodities. This can open up new markets to investors looking to trade different asset groups in a user-friendly and potentially less capital intensive way. Whichever market you are targeting, the process of booking a trade will be the same.

Short selling CFDs

CFD trading allows you to “sell” a market if you think it is overvalued. “Short selling” allows investors to take advantage of downwards price moves, rather than being forced to follow a traditional “buy-and-hold” approach. Stop-losses can be implemented when opening short positions to help manage risk and mitigate losses.

Leveraged trading with CFDs

Leverage allows you to decrease the size of your deposit and use your capital more effectively. Leverage trading involves using the cash in your brokerage account as a deposit, known as margin, so that you only put up a percentage of the cost of buying a position. When trading with leverage, potential profits or losses will be calculated according to the full size of your position, not just the margin.

Let’s use a real-world example. Oil is a commodity that is available to be traded as a CFD. If you invested $100 into a position with 10x leverage, the total size of your position would be $1,000. If the price of oil rose by 5%, your position would be worth $1,050, demonstrating a profit of $50. If the price fell by 5%, your position would be worth $950 — a loss of $50. If you completed the same trade without leverage, your profit or loss would be $5, depending on which direction the price moved. Leverage magnifies both your profits and losses, and so should be used carefully.

How do you trade a CFD?

Traditional investing usually involves following a simple strategy: “buy low, sell high.” CFD trading follows that same pattern, but investors can also use an alternative method to try and profit from market moves: “sell high, buy low.”

If you buy a CFD in Apple Inc stock and the price rises, your broker will credit your account in line with the price move, once you have closed the position. If the price falls, you’ll record a loss, and your broker will debit your account the appropriate amount of cash. When you sell short, rather than go long on a CFD position, you will profit if the price of the underlying asset falls.

Regardless of the asset type that you are trading, the principle of how profit and loss is calculated on a CFD trade is the same. Whether your CFD is in gold, GBPUSD or the NASDAQ 100 Index, you won’t own the underlying asset, but are instead speculating on how the asset’s price will move.

Trading using leverage can incur overnight financing fees. These might not be large but still need to be factored into your strategy planning. In fact, these fees are one of the main reasons that CFDs are primarily used for short-term trading. If investing in CFDs over a longer period of time, the fees incurred could negate any potential profits or exacerbate any losses.